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روش ویکور روشی مبتنی بر راه حلتوافقی مسائل تصميم گيری چند معياره است؛مسائلی که با معيارهای نامتناسب و ناسازگار را مورد ارزیابی قرار می دهد. در شرایطی که فرد تصميم گيرنده قادر به شناسایی و بيان برتری‌های یک مساله در زمان شروع و طراحی آن نيست، این روش می تواند به عنوان ابزاری موثر برای تصميم گيری مطرح شود

The VIKOR method was introduced for multi-criteria optimization problem. This method focuses on ranking and selecting from a set of alternatives, and determines compromise solution for a problem with conflicting criteria, which can help the decision makers to get a final solution. The compromise solution is a feasible solution which is the closest to the ideal, and a compromise means an agreement established by mutual concessions. It introduces the multi-criteria ranking index on the base of the particular measure of ‘‘closeness” to the ‘‘ideal” solution.

Opricovic developed the basic ideas of VIKOR in his Ph.D. dissertation in 1979, and an application was published in 1980. The name VIKOR appeared in 1990 from Serbian: VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje, that means: Multicriteria Optimization and Compromise Solution, with pronunciation: vikor. The real applications were presented in 1998.

The VIKOR method has the following steps:

(1) Create a decision matrix: where A_irepresents ithalternative, i=1,2,3,…m; 〖Cx〗_j represents the jthcriterion, j =1, 2,.........,n; and x_ij is the individual performance of an alternative.

(2) The normalized decision matrix can be expressed as follows:

F= [f_ij ]_(m×n)

Here, f_ij=x_ij/√(∑1_(i=1)^m▒x_ij^2 ), i=1,2,3,…m;x_ijis the performance of A_i alternative with respect to the jthcriterion.

هدف از تشکیل ماتریس fij، بی بعد کردن مقادیر گزینه های Ai نسبت به معیارهای Cjمی باشد.

(3) Determine the bestf_j^∗ and the worst f_j^- values of all criterion functions j=1,2,3,…n. If the jth function represents a benefit then:

f_j^∗=max┬i⁡〖f_ij 〗 , f_j^-=min┬i⁡〖f_ij 〗

(4) Calculation of utility measure (S) and regret measure (R): The utility measure and the regret measure for each alternative are given as:

where, S_iand R_i, represent the utility measure and the regret measure, respectively, and 〖 w〗_jis the weight of the jthcriterion, expressing the relative importance of each criterion. 〖 w〗_j can be calculated by AHP or Entropy method.